Particle Theory: 

• Calculate the amount of energy stored in or released from a system as its temperature changes by applying, but not recalling, the equation: [ ΔE = mcΔθ ]
• Define the term 'specific heat capacity'
• Required practical 1: investigation to determine the specific heat capacity of one or more materials.
• Calculate the density of a material by recalling and applying the equation: [ ρ = m/V ]
• Recognise/draw simple diagrams to model the difference between solids, liquids and gases
• Use the particle model to explain the properties of different states of matter and differences in the density of materials
• Required practical 5: use appropriate apparatus to make and record the measurements needed to determine the densities of regular and irregular solid objects and liquids
• Recall and describe the names of the processes by which substances change state
• Use the particle model to explain why a change of state is reversible and affects the properties of a substance, but not its mass
• State that the internal energy of a system is stored in the atoms and molecules that make up the system
• Explain that internal energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in a system
• Calculate the change in thermal energy by applying but not recalling the equation [∆E =m c ∆θ ]
• Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion/vaporisation by applying, but not recalling, the equation: [ E = mL ]
• Interpret and draw heating and cooling graphs that include changes of state
• Distinguish between specific heat capacity and specific latent heat
• Explain why the molecules of a gas are in constant random motion and that the higher the temperature of a gas, the greater the particles’ average kinetic energy
• Explain, with reference to the particle model, the effect of changing the temperature of a gas held at constant volume on its pressure
• Calculate the change in the pressure of a gas or the volume of a gas (a fixed mass held at constant temperature) when either the pressure or volume is increased or decreased