Health and Disease:

  • Describe what happens in coronary heart disease and what statins are used for
  • Describe treatments for coronary heart disease and heart failure (inc drugs, mechanical devices or transplant)
  • Recall that heart valves can become faulty and describe the consequences of this
  • Describe how patients can be treated in the case of heart failure
  • Describe health and the explain the causes of ill-health and the relationship between health and disease
  • Describe how different types of diseases may interact and translate disease incidence information between graphical and numerical forms
  • Describe what risk factors are and give examples discussing human and financial costs of non communicable diseases at local, national and global levels
  • Describe what cancer is and explain the difference between benign and malignant tumours
  • Describe the known risk factors for cancer, including genetic and lifestyle risk factors
  • Explain what a pathogen is and how pathogens are spread (inc how viruses, bacteria, protists and fungi are spread in animals and plants)
  • Explain how pathogenic bacteria and viruses cause damage in the body
  • Explain how the spread of diseases can be reduced or prevented
  • Describe measles, HIV and tobacco mosaic virus as examples of viral pathogens
  • Describe salmonella food poisoning and gonorrhoea as examples of bacterial pathogens
  • Describe the signs, transmission and treatment of rose black spot infection in plants as an example of fungal pathogens
  • Describe the symptoms, transmission and control of malaria, including knowledge of the mosquito vector as an example of a Protectants pathogen
  • Describe defences that stop pathogens entering the human body (inc skin, nose, trachea & windpipe, stomach)
  • Recall the role of the immune system
  • Describe how white blood cells destroy pathogens
  • Describe how vaccination works, including at the population level
  • Explain how antibiotics and painkillers are used to treat diseases, including their limitations
  • Describe how sources for drugs have changed over time and give some examples
  • Describe how new drugs are tested, including pre-clinical testing and clinical trials (inc double blind trials and placebos)